带摩擦阻尼叶片与轮盘耦合系统的振动分析

本文用非比例粘性阻尼等效航空发动机叶／盘耦合系统振动时叶片上凸肩（冠）接触面间产生的摩擦阻尼效应对叶／盘系统固有振动特性及响应特性的影响。利用由滞后弹簧摩擦模型所得到的等效粘性阻尼及等效刚度系数,在局部坐标下建立接触面间的刚度及阻尼矩阵,以分析阻尼对叶／盘系统的减振效应。文中所建立的基本公式、分析方法、由计算所导出的无因次曲线及振型与振动应力分布的后处理云图,可供叶轮机的设计、研制、排故及改型参考。     

基于主动阻尼控制的柔性基座振动抑制

针对安装在柔性基座上的空间机械臂运动过程中的振动问题,提出了一种改进的主动阻尼控制方案;利用参数辨识,给出了惯性矩阵估计值的显式表达式,并且在基座振动抑制控制律中加入了基座位移补偿项。对平面二连杆柔性基座机械臂进行仿真实验。结果表明:原始的主动阻尼控制虽然能够保证在机械臂运动过程中基座的振动抑振,但机械臂轨迹跟踪误差收敛较慢,改进后的控制律能够更快地缩小轨迹跟踪误差,整体的基座抑振效果更好。     

捷联寻的制导系统弹体追踪导引方法研究

对捷联寻的系统的简易制导方法—弹体追踪法进行全面剖析 ,解析分析了弹体追踪法对导弹速度、目标速度的约束 ,以及弹体阻尼、滞后、舵偏到攻角之间的传递系数对弹体追踪导引性能的影响。通过数学推导及应用控制理论分析与仿真 ,弹体追踪法较比例导引和速度追踪法在导引特性和打击机动目标时性能较差 ,但其成本较低 ,是一种降低制导武器成本的简易制导方法。但采用弹体追踪法时 ,导弹和目标的速度不能太大 ,当制导武器系统在形成导引误差信号存在固有滞后时 ,弹体稳定回路需要有一定阻尼 ,且舵偏到攻角之间的传递系数不能太大 ,即飞行过程中攻角要较小。     

磁流变阻尼器性能及振动控制

基于Bouc-Wen磁滞模型,分析了磁流变阻尼器的性能;采用能量法和梯形积分法计算了磁流变阻尼器的等效线性阻尼系数;将磁流变阻尼器用于结构振动系统隔振,给出了结构在基础激励下的振动控制效果——传递率及稳态响应的相位图。      

仅有单个陀螺的Drag—free卫星初始速率阻尼模糊控制研究

研究了在仅有偏航姿态测量陀螺时,利用Drag—free卫星与其内部定向体间的相对状态观测值实现姿态确定的方法。针对Drag—free卫星的特点,建立了定向体的空间姿态观测模型和Drag—free卫星的姿态动力学方程,据此推导了用于姿态确定的Kalman滤波算法。为实现初始速率阻尼阶段Drag—free卫星的三轴姿态稳定,设计了模糊控制律。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

Rotordynamic characteristics prediction for scallop damper seals using computational fluid dynamics

Enhancing damping characteristic is one of the effective methods to solve the instability problem of the rotor system. The three-dimensional numerical analysis model of scallop damper seal was established, and the effects of inlet pressures, preswirl ratios, rotational speeds, interlaced angles and seal cavity depths on the rotordynamic characteristics of scallop damper seal were studied based on dynamic mesh method and multi-frequencies elliptic whirling model. Results show that the direct stiffness of the scallop damper seal increases with decreasing inlet pressure and increasing rotational speed and cavity depth. When the seal cavity is interlaced by a certain angle, which shows positive direct stiffness. The effective damping of the scallop damper seal increases with the increasing inlet pressure, the decreasing preswirl ratio and the rotational speed and cavity depth. There exists an optimal interlaced angle to maximize the effective damping and the system stability. The leakage of the scallop damper seal is significantly reduced with decreasing inlet pressure. The preswirl will reduce the leakage flowrate, and the rotational speed has a slight effect on the leakage performance. The leakage of the scallop damper seal decreases with increasing seal cavity depth.     

某型导弹动导数风洞试验和数值模拟

动导数的精确预测对于弹箭类武器的成功研制至关重要。以某型导弹动态特性的研究为对象,在FD06风洞中采用自由振动法完成动态特性试验,获取该型导弹俯仰和滚转两个方向的典型振幅衰减曲线和动导数结果;针对该型导弹,基于双时间推进法数值求解非定常N-S方程和强迫运动方程,获取该型导弹俯仰动导数和滚转动导数。结果表明:CFD计算结果与风洞试验结果有较好的一致性;在给定马赫数和攻角下CFD数值模拟结果可以为后续工程型号研制提供参考。     

一种摩擦阻尼器在整体叶盘结构的应用

介绍了一种应用于整体叶盘结构的摩擦阻尼器，即在轮缘下方加工销孔，安装阻尼销.工作时，由于离心载荷的作用，阻尼销与轮缘相互摩擦，从而消耗振动能量.这种阻尼器被应用于两台发动机的涡轮整体叶盘减振方案中，试验结果显示:其减振效率差异较大.数值模拟分析证明，这种阻尼器的减振效率和振动能量在叶-盘间的传递有关.对于叶-盘强耦合振型，这种阻尼器可以获取较高的减振效率，叶片振动应力水平下降了约70%；但对于叶-盘弱耦合振型，叶片振动应力幅值没有明显下降趋势.      

Nonlinear modal electromechanical coupling factor for piezoelectric structures containing nonlinearities

Within the linear framework, the Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (MEMCF) is an important indicator to quantify the dynamic conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy of piezoelectric structures. It is also an important tool to guide the piezoelectric damping design of linear structures. Advanced aircraft often fly in maneuvers, and the variable working conditions induce drastic changes in the load level on structures. Geometric and contact nonlinearities of thin-walled structures and joint structures are often activated. To achieve a good vibration reduction effect covering all working conditions, one cannot directly use linear electromechanical coupling theory to instruct the piezoelectric damping design for nonlinear structures. Therefore, this paper defines the Nonlinear Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (NMEMCF) and proposes the corresponding numerical method for the first time to quantitatively evaluate the electromechanical coupling capability of nonlinear piezoelectric structures. Three candidate definitions of the NMEMCF are given, including two frequency definitions and one energy definition. The energy definition is the most promising one. It is not only applicable to both conservative and dissipative nonlinear structures but also compatible with the linear MEMCF. In addition, based on the energy formula, the NMEMCF can be obtained by only performing one nonlinear modal analysis in the open-circuit state. The analytical findings and the numerical tool are validated against two piezoelectric structures with different types of nonlinearities. A strong correlation among the NMEMCF, geometric parameters, and energy dissipation is observed. The results confirm that the proposed NMEMCF captures the physics of the electromechanical coupling phenomenon associated with nonlinear piezoelectric structures and can be used as an essential design indicator of piezoelectric damping, especially for variable working conditions.     

双周期分布式压电分支阻尼对失谐叶盘振动抑制作用分析

将压电分支电路引入失谐叶盘结构，形成机电耦合系统，给出了机电耦合系统动力学方程的推导过程，并从理论上研究了压电分支阻尼对失谐叶盘结构响应放大的抑制效果.通过构造双周期分布式压电分支电路，研究了双周期分布式压电分支阻尼对失谐叶盘结构的振动抑制效果，并与单周期压电分支电路进行了对比，对比结果显示压电分支阻尼（包括单周期压电分支阻尼以及双周期分布式压电分支阻尼）均能有效降低随机失谐叶盘结构的响应放大，其中双周期机电耦合系统响应放大因子统计分析结果小于1的概率在99.7%以上，基本消除了失谐叶盘结构的响应放大现象.通过合理地设计系统的双周期模式，能够获得比单周期更好的失谐响应放大抑制效果.此外，压电分支阻尼使得随机失谐叶盘结构的失谐“阈值”现象消失，提高了叶盘结构的失谐鲁棒性.